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Free download PT Photo Editor Pro 5.10.43/29/2024 Similar content being viewed by othersīiofilms are widespread mixed-species bacterial communities in which high cell density, reduced diffusion and heterogeneous structure favor physical and metabolic contact between bacteria. Furthermore, it indicates that the study of antagonistic molecules produced in biofilm and multispecies contexts could reveal unsuspected, ecologically relevant bacterial interactions influencing population dynamics in natural environments. This work identifies the first biofilm-associated colicin that preferentially targets biofilm bacteria. coli LF82 is increased under biofilm conditions compared with planktonic susceptibility and that release of colicin R confers a strong competitive advantage in mixed biofilms by rapidly outcompeting sensitive neighboring bacteria. We show that colicin R toxicity toward E. coli LF82 clinical isolate, therefore pointing to lipopolysaccharide size as an important determinant for resistance to colicins. coli strains that have a reduced lipopolysaccharide length, such as the pathogenic enteroaggregative E. We provide evidence that colicin R displays increased activity against E. We demonstrate that an increased SOS stress response within mature biofilms induces SOS-dependent colicin R expression. Here we describe new pore-forming colicin R, specifically produced in biofilms formed by the natural isolate Escherichia coli ROAR029 but that cannot be detected under planktonic culture conditions. It was previously shown that bioactive molecules produced within the biofilm environment contribute to bacterial interactions. Formation of bacterial biofilm communities leads to profound physiological modifications and increased physical and metabolic exchanges between bacteria.
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